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                    <text>CASA GRANDE

Fellipe Gamarano Barbosa, Brazil, 2014
Film Guide created by: Michael L. &amp; Peter K (Worcester State University)

Technical Details
Director: Fellipe Gamarano Barbosa
Screenplay: Fellipe Gamarano Barbosa &amp; Karen Sztajnberg
Production Companies: Migdal Film (Brazil)​
Duration: 1 hr 55 minutes

Cast

Marcello Novaes ​
Suzana Pires ​ ​
Thales Cavalcanti ​
Clarissa Pinheiro ​
Marília Coelho ​
Gentil Cordeiro ​
Bruna Amaya ​
Alice Melo ​ ​
Georgiana Góes ​
Sandro Rocha ​
Christian Gazzetta ​

(Hugo Cavalcanti)
(Sônia Cavalcanti)
(Jean Cavalcanti)
(Rita)
(Noêmia)
(Severino Marinho)
(Luiza)
(Nathalie Cavalcanti)
(Lia)
(Wilton)
(Roberto)

Discussion Questions
1)​ The film opens with a 3-minute sequence of the family turning off the lights. How may
this scene foreshadow what is to come for the Cavalcanti family’s situation?
2)​ In Casa Grande, the film features shots focusing on Jean’s movement around Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil. How does the director use these environments —walls, bridges, gates—
to reflect social class in Brazil? How does Jean’s movement between these locations
relate to his journey throughout the film?
3)​ Describe the relationship between the members of the Cavalcanti family and the other
characters in Casa Grande. What do they reveal about power dynamics between
employees and employers in Brazil? What are some scenes that illustrate these
dynamics?

�4)​ A major conflict in the film is between Jean and his father, Hugo. In what ways does Jean
challenge his father’s ideas regarding race, class, and social status? How does Jean push
back against his father’s authority? How effective do you think Jean is?
5)​ How does Hugo Cavalcanti’s financial downfall influence Jean and the rest of his family?
In what ways does Jean’s understanding of class and privilege change as he witnesses
his family’s loss of financial stability?
6)​ Throughout the film, we observe various nonverbal interactions between Noêmia and
Severino and other characters. How does their body language convey underlying
tension or differences in power regarding society?
7)​ Paul Dervis argues that Casa Grande exposes “the fragility of the Brazilian 1%.” How
does the film express this fragility with respect to the Cavalcanti family? What are some
actions the Cavalcanti family takes to maintain their appearance?
8)​ How does the director use Jean and Luiza’s relationship to challenge ideas of social
relations in Brazil? How does Brazil’s “law of quotas” manifest in their interactions?
9)​ In an interview with Violet Lucca, the director Fellipe Barbosa explains, “I was also
interested in showing how a crisis can transform into an opportunity for this young
man, and to explore dramatic ironies that can arise from it”. What are some
opportunities that present themselves for Jean? What ironies was he forced to face
because of his family’s financial crisis?
10)​How do you understand the film’s ending? What role does Jean’s final encounter with
Rita play in his personal journey?

Suggested Readings
de Luca, Tiago. “ ‘Casa Grande &amp; Senzala’: Domestic Space and Class Conflict in Casa Grande
and Que Horas Ela Volta?”. Space and Subjectivity in Contemporary Brazilian Cinema, edited by
Antônio Márcio da Silva and Mariana Cunha, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 203-219.
Dervis, Paul. “When the 1% Takes a Tumble.” Film Review of Casa Grande. The Arts Fuse, 7
March 2015, artsfuse.org/123952/fuse-film-review-casa-grande-when-the-1-takes-a-tumble.
Lucca, Violet. Interview with Fellipe Barbosa. Film Comment, 14 July 2014,
www.filmcomment.com/blog/interview-fellipe-barbosa. Accessed 18 Nov. 2025.
Weissberg, Jay. “Film Review: Casa Grande.” Variety, 29 May 2014,
variety.com/2014/film/festivals/film-review-casa-grande-1201120381.

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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Based on real events, this political drama fuses Brazilian history with international anti-racist movements. Saulo, a black introverted student and fan of the Black Panther Movement, challenges his school in the largely white city of Fortaleza. After Saulo’s reaction to a racial insult from a classmate, his teachers describe him as a young delinquent and swiftly attempt to expel him ignoring his usually calm and articulate demeanor. Outraged, Saulo refuses to leave the school until justice is done. His solitary occupation ends up challenging the school’s board and mobilizes the entire community. A Bruddah’s Mind effectively calls out racism, misogyny, and militarism. It reminds us about the importance of activism, political engagement, and the sacrifices that come with it. (&lt;a href="https://pragda.com/film/a-bruddahs-mind/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Pragda&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Basado en hechos reales, este drama político fusiona la historia brasileña con movimientos antiracistas internacionales. Saulo, un estudiante afrobrasileño introvertido y fan de los Black Panthers, desafía a su escuela, ubicada en Fortaleza, una cuidad principalmente blanca. Después de la reacción de Saulo a un insulto racial de un compañero de clase, sus maestros lo caraterizan como un joven delincuente e intentan expulsarlo rápidamente, ignorando su comportamiento generalmente tranquilo y elocuente. Indignado, Saulo se niega a abandonar la escuela hasta que se haga justicia. Su ocupación solitaria termina desafiando a la junta directiva de la escuela y moviliza a toda la comunidad. &lt;/em&gt;Cabeça de Nêgo &lt;em&gt;efectivamente identifica y critica el racismo, la misoginia y el militarismo. Nos recuerda la importancia del activismo y del compromiso político, y también los sacrificios que los acompañan. (Traducido por Jocelyn Zhingri)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Based on real events, this political drama fuses Brazilian history with international anti-racist movements. Saulo, a black introverted student and fan of the Black Panther Movement, challenges his school in the largely white city of Fortaleza. After Saulo’s reaction to a racial insult from a classmate, his teachers describe him as a young delinquent and swiftly attempt to expel him ignoring his usually calm and articulate demeanor. Outraged, Saulo refuses to leave the school until justice is done. His solitary occupation ends up challenging the school’s board and mobilizes the entire community. &lt;em&gt;A Bruddah’s Mind &lt;/em&gt;effectively calls out racism, misogyny, and militarism. It reminds us about the importance of activism, political engagement, and the sacrifices that come with it. (&lt;a href="https://pragda.com/film/a-bruddahs-mind/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Pragda&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;My Friend Fela &lt;/em&gt;provides a new perspective on the Nigerian musician Fela Kuti, in order to counter the most often portrayed narrative of Fela "as an eccentric African pop idol of the ghetto", according to director Joel Zito Araújo. The complexity of Fela's life is unravelled through the eyes and conversations of his close friend and official biographer, the African-Cuban Carlos Moore. As the documentary unfolds, it reveals the many influences and forces that shaped Fela's extraordinary life: from the relationship he had with his mother to his many and problematic relationships with women, from his ties with his spiritual advisor Professor Hindu to his mutually influential encounters with African Americans. By placing Fela's personal history in a pan-African context, the film becomes not only a portrait of one man but also of a pan-African generation. (&lt;a href="https://www.imdb.com/pt/title/tt9736160/plotsummary/?ref_=tt_ov_pl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;IMDb&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Meu amigo Fela [Mi amigo Fela]&lt;em&gt; ofrece una nueva perspectiva sobre el músico nigeriano Fela Kuti, con el fin de contrarrestar la narrativa más frecuentemente retratada de Fela "como un excéntrico ídolo africano del pop del gueto", según el director Joel Zito Araújo. La complejidad de la vida de Fela se desentraña a través de la perspectiva de y las conversaciones con el afrocubano Carlos Moore, su amigo cercano y biógrafo oficial. A lo largo del documental, se revelan las influencias y fuerzas que moldearon la extraordinaria vida de Fela: desde la relación que tuvo con su madre hasta sus múltiples y problemáticas relaciones con las mujeres; el vínculo con su asesor espiritual el profesor Hindu, hasta sus encuentros mutuamente influyentes con los afroamericanos. Al colocar la historia personal de Fela en un contexto panafricano, la película retrata no solamente a un hombre individual sino también a una generación panafricana. (Traducido por Jocelyn Zhingri)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;My Friend Fela &lt;/em&gt;provides a new perspective on the Nigerian musician Fela Kuti, in order to counter the most often portrayed narrative of Fela "as an eccentric African pop idol of the ghetto", according to director Joel Zito Araújo. The complexity of Fela's life is unravelled through the eyes and conversations of his close friend and official biographer, the African-Cuban Carlos Moore. As the documentary unfolds, it reveals the many influences and forces that shaped Fela's extraordinary life: from the relationship he had with his mother to his many and problematic relationships with women, from his ties with his spiritual advisor Professor Hindu to his mutually influential encounters with African Americans. By placing Fela's personal history in a pan-African context, the film becomes not only a portrait of one man but also of a pan-African generation. (&lt;a href="https://www.imdb.com/pt/title/tt9736160/plotsummary/?ref_=tt_ov_pl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;IMDb&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;During the slavery period in Brazil, a sugar cane farm was the stage for the darkest kinds of horrors. Years later, the place's cruel past is still stained in its walls, even if unnoticed, until a series of strange events starts happening and death returns to the farm. The film is divided in five short horror stories. (&lt;a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9064564/plotsummary/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;IMDb&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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          <description>A name given to the resources. El nombre original del recurso.</description>
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          <description>The date of the film’s release (year only). La fecha de estreno (año solamente).</description>
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          <description>The language(s) that are spoken in the film or the language of the text. El idioma(s) de la película o del texto.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Contagem, Minas Gerais. Dentro da comunidade local, Marcos (Leo Pyrata) se vira diariamente com os pequenos crimes que comete. Quando reencontra Selma (Grace Passô), uma antiga amiga, ele se convence da possibilidade de executar um assalto bem-sucedido. Mas o plano só pode ser colocado em prática com a ajuda de uma terceira pessoa, e Ana (Kelly Crifer), namorada de Marcos, hesita em participar. (&lt;a href="https://www.adorocinema.com/filmes/filme-272043/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Adoro Cinema Brasil&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The inhabitants of the Brazilian city of Contagem yearn for a better life. At the core of it all is Selma, a woman dreaming about the heart of the world: it could be anywhere, as long as it's a place where to feel happier. (&lt;a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9646768/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;IMDb&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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          <description>The date of the film’s release (year only). La fecha de estreno (año solamente).</description>
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          <description>The language(s) that are spoken in the film or the language of the text. El idioma(s) de la película o del texto.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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Gaivota Filmes</text>
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          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Duas jovens mulheres, Fernanda, uma executiva, e Sueli, uma ex-miss, se apaixonam e decidem morar juntas. Porém, Sueli se cansa do relacionamento amoroso que leva com Fernanda e envolve-se com um jornalista. A moça engravida do amante e ele a abandona. Em desespero, Sueli se atira da janela do apartamento de Fernanda, que passa a ser acusada de homicídio. (&lt;a href="http://www.adorocinema.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Adoro Cinema Brasil&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nota editorial:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Amor maldito&lt;/em&gt; es el primer largometraje de ficción dirigida por una mujer afro-brasileña, un reconocimiento que Adélia Sampaio no recibió hasta el siglo veintiuno. Ver también: Dennison, Stephanie. "Practising Inclusive Citation in Modern Languages Research: The View from Brazilian Film Studies." &lt;i&gt;Modern Languages Open&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 0, no. 1, 2023, p. 4. DOI: &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3828/mlo.v0i0.448" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;10.3828/mlo.v0i0.448&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Duas jovens mulheres, Fernanda, uma executiva, e Sueli, uma ex-miss, se apaixonam e decidem morar juntas. Porém, Sueli se cansa do relacionamento amoroso que leva com Fernanda e envolve-se com um jornalista. A moça engravida do amante e ele a abandona. Em desespero, Sueli se atira da janela do apartamento de Fernanda, que passa a ser acusada de homicídio. (&lt;a href="http://www.adorocinema.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Adoro Cinema Brasil&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nota editorial:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Amor maldito&lt;/em&gt; es el primer largometraje de ficción dirigida por una mujer afro-brasileña, un reconocimiento que Adélia Sampaio no recibió hasta el siglo veintiuno. Ver también: Dennison, Stephanie. "Practising Inclusive Citation in Modern Languages Research: The View from Brazilian Film Studies." &lt;i&gt;Modern Languages Open&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 0, no. 1, 2023, p. 4. DOI: &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.3828/mlo.v0i0.448" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;10.3828/mlo.v0i0.448&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Anos 70. Aos 6 anos Roberto Carlos Ramos (Marco Ribeiro) foi escolhido por sua mãe (Jú Colombo) para ser interno em uma instituição oficial que, segundo apregoava a propaganda, visava a formação de crianças em médicos, advogados e engenheiros. Entretanto a realidade era bem diferente, o que fez com que Roberto aprendesse as regras de sobrevivência no local. Pouco depois de completar 7 anos ele é transferido, passando a conviver com crianças até 14 anos. Aos 13 anos, ainda analfabeto, Roberto tem contato com as drogas e já acumula mais de 100 tentativas de fuga. Considerado irrecuperável por muitos, Roberto recebe a visita da psicóloga francesa Margherit Duvas (Maria de Medeiros). Tratando-o com respeito, ela inicia o processo de recuperação e aprendizagem de Roberto. (&lt;a href="http://www.adorocinema.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Adoro Cinema Brasil&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los años 70. A los seis años, Roberto Carlos Ramos (Marco Ribeiro) es enviado por su madre (Jú Colombo) a una institución del estado que, según la propaganda, aspira a convertir los niños en médicos, abogados e ingenieros. Sin embargo, la realidad es muy diferente en este lugar, y Roberto tiene que aprender a sobrevivir allí. Poco después de cumplir siete años es transferido y empieza a convivir con niños que tienen hasta 14 años. Ya a los 13 años, todavía analfabeto, Roberto ha sido expuesto a las drogas y ha tratado de escapar más de 100 veces. Considerado un caso perdido por muchos, Roberto recibe una visita de la psicóloga francesa Margherit Duvas (Maria de Medeiros). Tratando a Roberto con respeto, ella inicia su proceso de recuperación y aprendizaje. (Traducido por Éowyn Bailey)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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Oxalá Produções (Brazil) </text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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          <description>The date of the film’s release (year only). La fecha de estreno (año solamente).</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Pixote, a child from the streets of São Paulo, is arrested by the police and sent to a juvenile detention center where he and the other adolescents endure abuse and sexual violation by police officers. When two runaways are murdered and the police frame Lilica, a transgender woman, Pixote escapes with her and their friends to begin living a life of crime. (Film synopsis by Éowyn Bailey)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pixote, un niño de la calle de São Paulo, es detenido por la policía y enviado a un reformatorio en donde él y los otros adolescentes sufren abuso y violación por los guardias. Cuando dos fugitivos son asesinados y la policía incrimina a Lilica, una mujer transgénero, Pixote huye con ella y sus amigos, para empezar una vida criminal (Resumen de Éowyn Bailey).&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>A broad category or mode of cinematographic production.</description>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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          <description>Website, streaming service, distributor</description>
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          <description>A name given to the resources. El nombre original del recurso.</description>
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          <description>The director of the film. El/La director/a de la película.</description>
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          <description>The date of the film’s release (year only). La fecha de estreno (año solamente).</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Uma investigação cuidadosa, baseada em imagens de arquivo, entrevistas e documentos oficiais, sobre o seqüestro de um ônibus em plena zona sul do Rio de Janeiro. O incidente, que aconteceu em 12 de junho de 2000, foi filmado e transmitido ao vivo por quatro horas, paralisando o país. No filme a história do seqüestro é contada paralelamente à história de vida do seqüestrador, intercalando imagens da ocorrência policial feitas pela televisão. É revelado como um típico menino de rua carioca transforma-se em bandido e as duas narrativas dialogam, formando um discurso que transcende a ambas e mostrando ao espectador porque o Brasil é um país é tão violento. (&lt;a href="http://www.adorocinema.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Adoro Cinema Brasil&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Una investigación cuidadosa, basada en imágenes de archivo, entrevistas y documentos oficiales, sobre el secuestro de un autobús en el sur de Río de Janeiro. El incidente, que ocurrió el 12 de junio de 2000, fue filmado y transmitido en vivo por cuatro horas, paralizando el país. En la película, la historia del secuestro se cuenta paralelamente a la historia de la vida del secuestrador, intercalando imágenes del incidente policial tomadas por la televisión. Se revela cómo un típico chico de la calle carioca se convierte en un criminal y las dos narrativas dialogan, formando un discurso que trasciende ambas y muestra al espectador por qué Brasil es un país tan violento. (Traducido por Éowyn Bailey)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Bus 174 &lt;em&gt;portrays a careful investigation about the hijacking of a bus in southern Rio de Janeiro, based on archived images, interviews and official documents. The incident, which occurred on June 12, 2002, was filmed and broadcast live for four hours, paralyzing the country. In the film, the story of the hijacking is recounted in parallel to the story of the kidnapper's life, interspersed with images of the police incident caught on television. The story reveals how a typical kid from the streets of Rio de Janeiro becomes a criminal as the two narratives intersect, creating a dialogue that transcends both and shows the viewer why Brazil is such a violent country. (Translated by Éowyn Bailey)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>A broad category or mode of cinematographic production.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Ônibus 174</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Uma investigação cuidadosa, baseada em imagens de arquivo, entrevistas e documentos oficiais, sobre o seqüestro de um ônibus em plena zona sul do Rio de Janeiro. O incidente, que aconteceu em 12 de junho de 2000, foi filmado e transmitido ao vivo por quatro horas, paralisando o país. No filme a história do seqüestro é contada paralelamente à história de vida do seqüestrador, intercalando imagens da ocorrência policial feitas pela televisão. É revelado como um típico menino de rua carioca transforma-se em bandido e as duas narrativas dialogam, formando um discurso que transcende a ambas e mostrando ao espectador porque o Brasil é um país é tão violento. (&lt;a href="http://www.adorocinema.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Adoro Cinema Brasil&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <name>Title / Título (Original)</name>
          <description>A name given to the resources. El nombre original del recurso.</description>
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              <text>Temporada</text>
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          <description/>
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          <description>The director of the film. El/La director/a de la película.</description>
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          <description>The date of the film’s release (year only). La fecha de estreno (año solamente).</description>
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          <description>The language(s) that are spoken in the film or the language of the text. El idioma(s) de la película o del texto.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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          <name>Description / Descripción</name>
          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Juliana está se mudando de Itaúna, no interior do estado, para a periferia de Contagem, na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, para trabalhar no combate a endemias na região. Em seu novo trabalho ela conhece pessoas e vive situações pouco usuais que começam a mudar sua vida. Ao mesmo tempo, ela enfrenta as dificuldades no relacionamento com seu marido, que também está prestes a se mudar para a cidade grande. (&lt;a href="https://www.filmesdeplastico.com.br/temporada/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Filmes de Plástico&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Juliana se está mudando de Itaúna, ubicado en el interior del estado, a las afueras de Contagem, parte de la región metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, para trabajar combatiendo las enfermedades endémicas en el área. En su nuevo trabajo, ella conoce a personas y vive situaciones inusuales que comienzan a cambiar su vida. Al mismo tiempo, ella se enfrenta a las dificultades de la relación con su marido quien también está a punto de trasladarse a la ciudad grande. (Traducido por Éowyn Bailey)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Juliana is moving from Itaúna, located in the interior of the state, to the outskirts of Contagem, in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, to help fight against the endemic illnesses in the region. In her new job, she meets people and experiences unusual situations that begin to change her life. At the same time, Juliana is dealing with difficulties in her relationship with her husband who is also preparing to move to the big city. (Translated by Éowyn Bailey)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>A broad category or mode of cinematographic production.</description>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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              <text>Migration, Internal / Migración interna</text>
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              <text>Urban Life / Vida urbana</text>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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        <name>Afro-Latin American productions / producciones afrolatinoamericanas / produções afro-latinoamericanas</name>
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          <description>A name given to the resources. El nombre original del recurso.</description>
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          <description>The director of the film. El/La director/a de la película.</description>
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              <text>Joel Zito Araújo</text>
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          <description>The date of the film’s release (year only). La fecha de estreno (año solamente).</description>
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          <description>The language(s) that are spoken in the film or the language of the text. El idioma(s) de la película o del texto.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Roque e Pudim, compositores da velha guarda da Vai-Vai, partilham uma quitinete, décadas de amizade, o amor pela escola de samba e uma dúvida do passado: o que aconteceu com a passista Rita, paixão de ambos. O surgimento de Ritinha, filha da dançarina, e as sombras do compositor Chico Buarque, ameaçam desmoronar essa grande amizade. (&lt;a href="https://46.mostra.org/arquivo/filme/10451" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;46 Mostra Internacional de Cinema- Sao Paulo International Film Festival&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Roque and Pudim, Vai-Vai old school composers, share a one-room apartment, decades of friendship, the love for their samba school, and a doubt of the past: what happened to carnival dancer Rita, their passion? The emergence of Ritinha, daughter of the carnival dancer, threatens to end this friendship. (&lt;a href="https://www.imdb.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;IMDb&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <name>Category / Categoría</name>
          <description>A broad category or mode of cinematographic production.</description>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>O Pai da Rita</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Roque e Pudim, compositores da velha guarda da Vai-Vai, partilham uma quitinete, décadas de amizade, o amor pela escola de samba e uma dúvida do passado: o que aconteceu com a passista Rita, paixão de ambos. O surgimento de Ritinha, filha da dançarina, e as sombras do compositor Chico Buarque, ameaçam desmoronar essa grande amizade. (&lt;a href="https://46.mostra.org/arquivo/filme/10451" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;46 Mostra Internacional de Cinema- Sao Paulo International Film Festival&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Kbela

Yasmin Thayná, Brasil, 2015
Guía de película creada por: Éowyn Bailey

Detalles técnicos
Director: Yasmin Thayná
Guion: Yasmin Thayná
Duración: 22m

Reparto
Ana Beatriz Silva (Ana)
Ana Magalhães (Ana)
Monique Rocco (Monique)

Preguntas de discusión
1) La directora Yasmin Thayná se identifica como una mujer afrodescendiente. ¿Por qué
es importante este hecho en el contexto del cortometraje, y también en el contexto de
la industria de cine en Brasil y/o Latinoamérica?
2) Analiza el uso de la ropa o de la desnudez en una escena específica de Kbela.
3) Encuentra la escena en moción al revés (00:04:38) al principio de Kbela. ¿Por qué la
mujer aparece pintada de blanca? ¿Qué crees que añade el uso de la moción al revés?
¿Cómo interpretas el diseño de sonido en esta escena?
4) Durante la escena del corto de pelo (00:06:52), las mujeres cantan “en yoruba y en
portugués a Yemanjá, la orisha de los océanos” (Gallo González 81). Una orisha es un/a
dios/a de la cultura yoruba proveniente del oeste de África. ¿Qué nos revela la
pluralidad lingüística en esta escena?
5) ¿Qué papel juega el feminismo en este cortometraje? Elige una escena y explica su
relación con este tema.
6) Compara este cortometraje con el largometraje venezolano Pelo Malo (2013) de
Mariana Rondón, o con alguna otra película con protagonistas afrolatinoamericanos.
Compara y contrasta cómo se expresan los discursos sociales sobre los estándares de
belleza y el cabello en estas dos películas.

�7) Al comienzo del cortometraje, vemos labios cubiertos de purpurina (00:01:30) que
repiten insultos sobre “la textura y la densidad del pelo afro” (Gallo González 83). Luego
hacia el final las mujeres cubiertas de purpurina se congregan para bailar (00:17:53).
¿Cómo interpretas estos usos de la purpurina? ¿Qué crees que representa?
8) Vuelve a ver la secuencia en la que una de las mujeres canta “Rainha” (00:14:46). ¿Cómo
interpretas el verso: “Pra lhe agradecer… África… mãe da matéria prima” (“para
agradecerle… África… madre de la materia prima”)? ¿Cuál es el efecto de utilizar un
cuadro visual congelado al final de la secuencia aunque la canción continua?
9) Antes de los créditos, se proyecta esta dedicación transnacional: “para todas as
mulheres negras do mundo” (“para todas las mujeres negras del mundo”). ¿Cuál es el
significado de dedicar la película a “todas as mulheres negras” en su conjunto en vez de
dedicar la obra a las mujeres afrobrasileñas exclusivamente?

Lecturas recomendadas
Gallo González, Danae. “Devenir ‘negra’ en Kbela de Yasmin Thayná: un acercamiento
acústico decolonial.” Afro-Hispanic Review, vol. 39, iss. 1, 2020, pp. 78-99.
Gillam, Reighan. “bell hooks’ Oppositional Gaze and Black Feminist Film Production in
Brazil.” Women’s Studies in Communication, vol. 45, no. 4, 2022, pp. 450-456.
—. Visualizing Black Lives: Ownership and Control in Afro-Brazilian Media. University of Illinois
Press, 2022.
Paz da Rosa, Fábio José. “Cinema negro feminino, estética e política na formação de
professoras: uma experiência com o filme Kbela.” Educar em Revista, 2021, pp. 1-21.
Stam, Robert. “Slow Fade to Afro: The Black Presence in Brazilian Cinema.” Film Quarterly,
vol. 36, no. 2, 1982, pp. 16-32.

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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Until 2018, a Black woman had not directed a feature-length film for national distribution [in Brazil], yet Black female film directors have been active in the independent short-film space. Yasmin Thayná wrote and directed &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kbela &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;(2015), an experimental film that depicts Black women developing their identity and affirming themselves through accepting their hair texture. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kbela &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;represents the challenges Black women face and their actions to overcome them, but it doesn't focus only on the individual. (Gillam, Reighan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Visualizing Black Lives: Ownership and Control in Afro-Brazilian Media&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;. U of Illinois P, p. 84)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Café com canela
Glenda Nicácio y Ary Rosa, Brasil, 2017
Guía de película creada por: Angel Collazo

Detalles técnicos
Directores: Glenda Nicácio y Ary Rosa
Guion: Ary Rosa
Compañía de producción: Rosza Filmes
Duración: 1h 42m

Reparto
Aline Brune (Violeta)
Valdineia Soriano (Margarida)
Babu Santana (Ivan)
Aldri Anunciação (Marcos)
Arlete Dias (Cidão)
Antônio Fábio (Adolfo)

Preguntas de discusión
1) Café com canela es un largometraje lleno de referencias a la cultura afrobrasileña,
desde la música que Glenda Nicácio y Ary Rosa utilizaron hasta la comida de los
personajes. ¿Qué aspectos de la cultura afrobrasileña notaste? Investiga más sobre lo
que te haya interesado. ¿Qué aprendiste?
2) Durante la película conocemos a Violeta, Margarida, Ivan, Marcos, Cidão, y Adolfo (y
Felipe el perro). ¿Cómo se relacionan estos personajes entre sí? ¿Qué contribuye cada
uno a la trama?
3) ¿Por qué crees que la película se titula Café com canela?
4) Elige una de las varias escenas diseñadas para evocar las emociones de Margarida, y
contesta las siguientes preguntas: ¿Qué emoción trata de comunicar la escena? ¿Qué
técnicas cinematográficas (música, ángulo de cámara, iluminación) se utilizan para
lograr este efecto emocional?
5) Citando a bell hooks en su reseña de Café com canela, Sandra Sant’Ana dos Santos nos
recuerda que “La esclavitud condicionó a los negros a contener y reprimir muchos de
sus sentimientos” (22). ¿Crees que la depresión de Margarida tras la muerte de su hijo
Paulinho puede relacionarse con el trauma generacional? ¿Por qué piensas que las
amistades de Margarida no la apoyaron como lo hizo Violeta?

�6) Encuentra la escena cuando la diosa Oshun se le aparece a Margarida. Repasa y
resume la definición de Oshun que ofrece la Encyclopedia Britannica. ¿Cómo se
caracteriza la representación de Oshun en la película? ¿Qué función tiene en esta
escena específica?
7) Hacia el final de la película Margarida le dice a Violeta: “Una buena película, Violeta, es
la que muestra los defectos, las limitaciones y las angustias que todos tenemos. Una
buena película, en primer lugar, quiere probarte y ser probada. Ah, Violeta, y cuando
eso ocurre, pierdes el suelo, pierdes la vergüenza, pierdes el tipo… y vas más allá”
(01:28:08-01:28:34). ¿Qué “defectos”, “limitaciones”, o “angustias” retratados en el
largometraje resuenan contigo? ¿Qué aspectos de la película retan o ponen a prueba tu
forma de pensar o de actuar?
8) Café com canela explora una gran diversidad de temas, incluyendo la salud mental, el
feminismo, la representación afrobrasileña, la religión y la espiritualidad, entre otros.
Escoge uno de los temas mencionados (o uno distinto que hayas identificado) y explica
lo que aprendiste sobre el tema y también cómo se relaciona al presente.

Lecturas recomendadas
Díaz Mattei, Andrea, ed. La negritud y su poética. Prácticas artísticas y miradas críticas
contemporáneas en Latinoamérica y España. Montevideo, BMR Cultural - Sevilla,
Publicaciones Enredars, 2019.
Jeffries, Bayyinah S. "Oshun". Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Aug. 2022,
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oshun. Accessed 9 June 2023.
Nicácio, Glenda, y Ary Rosa. Entrevista con Andréia Horta. O País do Cinema, 4 febrero 2021,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8l6aubwzars. Accessed 9 June 2023.
Ramos Sarmet dos Santos, Érica and Marina Cavalcanti Tedesco. “Iniciativas e ações
feministas no audiovisual brasileiro contemporâneo.” Revista Estudos Feministas, vol. 25, no.
3, 2017, pp. 1373–1391.
dos Santos, Sandra L. Sant’Ana. “A Arte e a Representação Das Diversidades: Olhares Sobre
o Filme Café Com Canela.” Revista de Estudos em Educação e Diversidade - REED, vol. 1, no. 1,
2020, pp. 21–36, https://doi.org/10.22481/reed.v1i1.7460.
Stam, Robert. “Slow Fade to Afro: The Black Presence in Brazilian Cinema.” Film Quarterly,
vol. 36, no. 2, 1982, pp. 16–32.

2

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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Violeta vive en una comunidad unida en Bahía, Brasil, y no es la única que lucha con el dolor y la pérdida. También se encuentra una abuela totalmente dependiente del cuidado de otros; una mujer que busca desesperadamente el amor; y un médico joven quien, después de 20 años, pierde a su gran amor, un hombre mucho más grande que él. Todos pensaban que la pareja vivía como padre e hijo hasta que el anciano muere. La pérdida es completa y la verdad sale. Luego Violeta conoce a Margarida, una señora mayor haciendo el luto sola y en silencio en un pueblo cercano. Cariñosamente Violeta la ayuda a salir de su aislamiento con ritos cotidianos prácticos: frotar, teñir y hacer café con canela. (Translated by Abi Dresser)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Café com canela

Glenda Nicácio &amp; Ary Rosa, Brazil, 2017
Film Guide created by: Éowyn Bailey

Technical Details
Director: Glenda Nicácio and Ary Rosa
Screenplay: Ary Rosa
Production Companies: Rosza Filmes
Duration: 1h 42m

Cast
Aline Brune (Violeta)
Valdineia Soriano (Margarida)
Babu Santana (Ivan)
Aldri Anunciação (Marcos)
Arlete Dias (Cidão)
Antônio Fábio (Adolfo)

Discussion Questions
1) Each of the Afro-Brazilian characters in Café com canela experiences particular life
challenges which must be faced in different ways. With which challenge(s) do you
identify the most? Why? Which character helped you understand the movie’s
overarching message? Give specific examples.
2) Coxinhas are made from diced chicken, sometimes mixed with various spices, then
wrapped in dough in the shape of a teardrop, battered and fried. Watch the sequence
where we see extreme close-ups of people eating coxinhas (00:23:58-00:24:14) and then
the sequence in which Violeta is making them (00:37:06-00:38:09). Why do you think the
co-directors Glenda Nicácio and Ay Rosa highlight coxinhas in this film?
3) Compare and contrast how Ivan, Magarida and Violeta deal with grief throughout the
movie. Why is each portrayal important?
4) Find the scene of Adolfo singing (00:32:34). What do the song lyrics mean? Do you think
the song foreshadows a plot development or refers to any of the characters? Explain
your answer.

�5) Rewatch the following split screen scenes: the three neighbors (00:20:44) and the
coxinhas (00:38:07). What do you notice in these scenes? Why do you think the directors
choose this editing technique? Do you think these two split screen scenes serve as
parallels for each other? If so, explain why. If not, explain what you think each one
means within the plot.
6) Water plays an important role in Café com canela. Pick one of the following scenes and
analyze the role of water: Cidão washing the street in front of her house (00:20:44);
Margarida walking in the river with the waterfall (00:45:49); Violeta taking a shower after
the death of Adolfo (00:51:57); the reflections of light on the grandmother’s walls that
look like ripples of water (01:21:19).
7) Professor Gillam notes that “Afro-Brazilians controlling their own films can give rise to
narratives that break from visions structured by traditional ideals and present subject
matter that encourages the viewer to learn to see differently” (100-101). Do you think
this description applies to the narratives presented in Café com canela? How do the
directors encourage the audience “to learn to see differently”?
8) At 01:05:31, the name of the film, Café com canela (“Coffee with Cinnamon”), is spoken in
the dialogue. How is the name relevant to the film’s overarching message?

Recommended Readings
Díaz Mattei, Andrea, ed. La negritud y su poética. Prácticas artísticas y miradas críticas
contemporáneas en Latinoamérica y España. Montevideo, BMR Cultural - Sevilla,
Publicaciones Enredars, 2019.
Gillam, Reighan. Visualizing Black Lives: Ownership and Control in Afro-Brazilian Media.
University of Illinois Press, 2022.
Nicácio, Glenda, y Ary Rosa. Entrevista con Andréia Horta. O País do Cinema, 4 febrero 2021,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8l6aubwzars. Accessed 14 June 2023.
Ramos Sarmet dos Santos, Érica and Marina Cavalcanti Tedesco. “Iniciativas e ações
feministas no audiovisual brasileiro contemporâneo.” Revista Estudos Feministas, vol. 25, no.
3, 2017, pp. 1373–1391.
Stam, Robert. “Slow Fade to Afro: The Black Presence in Brazilian Cinema.” Film Quarterly,
vol. 36, no. 2, 1982, pp. 16–32.

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Women Make Movies (United States)</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Despite official jargon to the contrary, Brazilians live in a racially segregated class system. This upbeat, sensitive and elegantly composed documentary, produced by Lilith Video Collective, looks at the ways Black women have coped with racism while validating their lives through their own music and religion. (&lt;a href="https://www.wmm.com/catalog/film/black-women-of-brazil/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Women Make Movies&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Favela Gay&lt;/em&gt; tells the story of eleven individuals in their own words. Living in eight slums (favelas) in Rio de Janeiro, these members of the LGBTQ community – two transgender women, a crossdressing man, a travesti (in South America, a person who was designated male at birth who has a feminine, transfeminine or femme gender identity) prostitute, a famous carnival dancer, two community activists, and even a young man who used to be transgender, but transitioned back – have fought prejudice and seen some of the most unsavoury sides of the city. (&lt;a href="https://soundsandcolours.com/articles/brazil/favela-gay-30141/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Sounds and Colours&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Favela Gay&lt;/em&gt; tells the story of eleven individuals in their own words. Living in eight slums (favelas) in Rio de Janeiro, these members of the LGBTQ community – two transgender women, a crossdressing man, a travesti (in South America, a person who was designated male at birth who has a feminine, transfeminine or femme gender identity) prostitute, a famous carnival dancer, two community activists, and even a young man who used to be transgender, but transitioned back – have fought prejudice and seen some of the most unsavoury sides of the city. (&lt;a href="https://soundsandcolours.com/articles/brazil/favela-gay-30141/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Sounds and Colours&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jennifer, uma garota de 17 anos moradora da Vila Nova Cachoeirinha, manipula suas fotos no Photoshop para ficar mais bonita e mais clara com cabelos lisos. Num momento de sua vida em que se torna adulta, procura emprego, procura se relacionar com alguém que ela ame, Jennifer vive dilemas relativos a sua identidade numa sociedade que está calcada nos significados de branquitude. (&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI8u4XUPzDs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Director's synposis&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>A broad category or mode of cinematographic production.</description>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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          <description>Website, streaming service, distributor</description>
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              <text>&lt;iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eI8u4XUPzDs" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;YouTube: &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI8u4XUPzDs" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI8u4XUPzDs&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <description>A name given to the resources. El nombre original del recurso.</description>
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          <description>The director of the film. El/La director/a de la película.</description>
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          <description>The date of the film’s release (year only). La fecha de estreno (año solamente).</description>
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          <description>The language(s) that are spoken in the film or the language of the text. El idioma(s) de la película o del texto.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Bia (played by the rapper Clara Lima) is confronted with a question in school: what do you want to do after you finish high school? Her answer is strong enough to lend the film its title: nothing. The young rapper, therefore, more than fits David Bordwell’s description of the protagonist of the art film as a drifting character who lacks a clear goal; in fact, she enacts it: she desires nothing but the open-ended journey, the suspenseful ambiguity of the art film, the journey that is more important than its destination. (Source: &lt;a href="https://wp.nyu.edu/fabioandrade/2018/11/26/nothing-nada-2017-gabriel-martins/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://wp.nyu.edu/fabioandrade/2018/11/26/nothing-nada-2017-gabriel-martins&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se acerca la graduación de la escuela secundaria y también el examen de admisión a la universidad.  La escuela de Bia y sus padres la están presionando para que decida a qué universidad va a aplicar. Bia de 18 años se enfrenta a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué quieres hacer después de terminar la escuela secundaria? Su respuesta es lo suficientemente fuerte como para dar a la película su título: Nada. (Translated excerpts by Quetzali Gómez)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>A broad category or mode of cinematographic production.</description>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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          <description>Website, streaming service, distributor</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Tereza, nascida na pandemia do Coronavírus em 2020, é cuidada por seus pais Rimenna e Gabriel. (&lt;a href="https://tamandua.tv.br/filme/?name=movimento" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Tamanduá.tv&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://vimeo.com/446608043"&gt;Programa Convida: Gabriel Martins&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="https://vimeo.com/imsalles"&gt;IMS - Instituto Moreira Salles&lt;/a&gt; on Vimeo.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Tereza, nascida na pandemia do Coronavírus em 2020, é cuidada por seus pais Rimenna e Gabriel. (&lt;a href="https://tamandua.tv.br/filme/?name=movimento" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Tamanduá.tv&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                    <text>AFRONTA!

Juliana Vicente, Brazil, 2017
Film Guide created by: Quetzali Gómez

Technical Details

Director: Juliana Vicente
Production Companies: Preta Portê Filmes (Brazil)
Duration: 26 episodes
Available on Netflix; Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSADBL3H6UM

Cast

Loo Nascimiento (designer, model, blogger)
Ingrid Silva (ballet dancer)
Gabriel Martins (filmmaker)
Mariana de Matos (poet)

Discussion Questions
1) Of the 26-episode series, which episode(s) did you watch? What effect did the individual
stories have on you, the viewer? How do these individual stories help you understand
the broader context of Brazilian society? What questions do you still have?
2) Name 2-3 films or television series with African American protagonists? What
similarities and differences do you notice between Afronta and the Black experience as
represented in U.S. films or TV shows such as: Do the Right Thing, All American, Blackish,
Dear White People?
3) Approximately 56% of Brazilians identify as Black, comprising the largest national
population of Afro-descendants in Latin America. Despite making up a majority of the
country’s population, Afro-Brazilians face a variety of challenges with regards to health
care, education, and political representation. What are some ways we can see the
effects of systemic racism occurring in the lives of the individuals in the series?
4) Director Juliana Vicente founded her production company Preta Portê Filmes in 2009 to
develop more diverse audiovisual projects with Afro-Brazilian representation. How do
you think Vicente’s production company contributes to diversifying Afro-descendant
representation in the media?
5) Ava Berkofsky, director of photography for the HBO show Insecure, and award-winning
director and producer Ava DuVernay (When They See Us, Selma, Queen Sugar) have
criticized the film industry’s improper lighting of Black actors and advocated for more

�inclusive lighting technology for nonwhite actors. What did you notice about the ways
that skin tones and colors are highlighted and reflected in Afronta?
6) Afronta! explores the concept of Afrofuturism throughout the series. According to Delan
Bruce, Afrofuturism is part of “the story of musicians, artists, writers, philosophers,
fashion icons, filmmakers, costume and set designers, actors, activists and academics
who have believed in a better future for Black people - and for all people. Afrofuturism,
more concretely, can be understood as a wide-ranging social, political and artistic
movement that dares to imagine a world where African-descended peoples and their
cultures play a central role in the creation of that world” (“AfroFuturism”). How does the
Afronta! documentary series contribute to Afrofuturism? Provide 1-2 specific examples.
7) Kimberlé W. Crenshaw, a Black feminist scholar, coined the term “intersectionality” to
refer to overlapping or intersecting social identities (e.g. race and gender) and the
different ways these identities are affected by systems of oppression or discrimination.
What kinds of intersectionalities are discussed or alluded to in Afronta!?
8) In Black Looks : Race and Representation, bell hooks writes about the “oppositional gaze”,
or the practice of resistance by Black individuals to the dominant ways of looking and
knowing. How does the Afronta! series create oppositional gazes? How do the director
and/or subjects interrupt the hegemonic or dominant discourse?
9) In Visualizing Black Lives: Ownership and Control in Afro-Brazilian Media, Reighan Gillam
writes, “Afro-Brazilians controlling their own films can give rise to narratives that break
from visions structured by traditional ideals and present subject matter that
encourages the viewer to learn to see differently” (101). How did the Afronta! series
encourage you to unlearn and/or relearn the ways in which Blackness is portrayed
through the media? What are your thoughts about narrative ownership in storytelling?

Suggested Readings
Bruce, Delan. “Afrofuturism: From the Past to the Living Present.” UCLA Magazine. 3 September
2020. https://newsroom.ucla.edu/magazine/afrofuturism.
Gillam, Reighan. “Representing Black Girlhood in Brazil: Culture and Strategies of
Empowerment.” Communication, Culture and Critique, vol. 10, no. 4, Dec. 2017, pp. 609-625.
—. Visualizing Black Lives” Ownership and Control in Afro-Brazilian Media. University of Illinois
Press, 2022.
hooks, bell. Black Looks : Race and Representation. South End Press, 1992.
—. Feminism Is for Everybody. Pluto Press, 2000.
McFadden, Syreeta. “Teaching The Camera To See My Skin.” Sec. Culture &amp; Criticism. Buzzfeed.
BuzzfeedNews.com. 2 April 2014.
https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/syreetamcfadden/teaching-the-camera-to-see-my-skin.

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              <text>&lt;span&gt;No Brasil, as mulheres tardaram a entrar no cenário do rap, e até hoje são raros os grupos ou artistas individuais que alcançaram destaque em suas carreiras. O documentário entrevista mulheres ligadas ao hip hop, abordando o histórico feminino dentro do movimento e dando voz a artistas como Negra Li, MC Gra e Karol Conká. (&lt;a href="https://pretaportefilmes.com.br/as-minas-do-rap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Preta Portê Filmes&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;La película describe la vida miserable de los descendientes de los esclavos, quienes fundaron un quilombo. Los hombres plantan algodón en la tierra seca. Las mujeres se dedican a la artesanía en un ciclo económico que no genera ingresos. La pobreza de la realización cinematográfica es una expresión de las condiciones miserables que no solo están presentes en la realidad representada en la película, sino que también contaminan la naturaleza misma del material fílmico. (Translation by Stephany Zabala)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Ambientada en el mundo de la élite social de Río de Janeiro, es la historia de Jean, un adolescente de 17 años que lucha por escapar de sus padres sobreprotectores al tiempo que su adinerada familia entra en bancarrota. (&lt;a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film Affinity ES&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://cinegogia.omeka.net/items/show/869"&gt;https://cinegogia.omeka.net/items/show/869&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Hair is an important marker of black female identity. Many films have been made about 'nappy' hair, but this debut by Yasmin Thayná is among the best. This powerful visual essay is a form of resistance to invisibility and an audiovisual experience about being and becoming a black woman. (&lt;a href="https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2019/films/kbela" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;International Film Festival Rotterdam&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;A journey through the songs and story of Brazilian singer Clementina de Jesus. Her most poetic sambas, the rhythmic sway of the drums and the religious chants that reveal a strong connection with the sacred world take us to the deep world of Quelé. A unique character in the history of Brazilian popular music, a granddaughter of slaves, she is considered by many as the missing link between Brazilian culture and its African roots. (&lt;a href="https://www.jangada.org/movie/clementina" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Jangada Film Festivals&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;A journey through the songs and story of Brazilian singer Clementina de Jesus. Her most poetic sambas, the rhythmic sway of the drums and the religious chants that reveal a strong connection with the sacred world take us to the deep world of Quelé. A unique character in the history of Brazilian popular music, a granddaughter of slaves, she is considered by many as the missing link between Brazilian culture and its African roots. (&lt;a href="https://www.jangada.org/movie/clementina" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Jangada Film Festivals&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Beginning with a breathless, Robin Hood-style train robbery and ending with a highly provocative—and not for the faint of heart—final sequence, the directing debut from journalist, musician, and actor Wagner Moura (&lt;em&gt;Elite Squad&lt;/em&gt;; Pablo Escobar in &lt;em&gt;Narcos&lt;/em&gt;) is a searing and energized portrait of one of Brazil’s most divisive historical figures, Afro-Brazilian poet and politician Carlos Marighella (actor/singer Seu Jorge, &lt;em&gt;The Life Aquatic With Steve Zissou&lt;/em&gt;). Driven to fight against the erosion of civil and human rights following the CIA-backed military coup of 1964 and the brutal right-wing dictatorship that followed, the revolutionary leaves behind his wife, Clara (Adriana Esteves), and son, Carlinhos, to take to the streets, authoring the highly influential &lt;em&gt;Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla&lt;/em&gt;,becoming a notorious enemy to the power structure, and being doggedly pursued by sadistic chief inspector Lucio (Bruno Gagliasso) before an untimely death in a dramatic police ambush in 1969. (Review by Hebe Tabachnik, Seattle International Film Festival, &lt;a href="https://www.marighella-movie.com/story" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film's Official Website&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Beginning with a breathless, Robin Hood-style train robbery and ending with a highly provocative—and not for the faint of heart—final sequence, the directing debut from journalist, musician, and actor Wagner Moura (&lt;em&gt;Elite Squad&lt;/em&gt;; Pablo Escobar in &lt;em&gt;Narcos&lt;/em&gt;) is a searing and energized portrait of one of Brazil’s most divisive historical figures, Afro-Brazilian poet and politician Carlos Marighella (actor/singer Seu Jorge, &lt;em&gt;The Life Aquatic With Steve Zissou&lt;/em&gt;). Driven to fight against the erosion of civil and human rights following the CIA-backed military coup of 1964 and the brutal right-wing dictatorship that followed, the revolutionary leaves behind his wife, Clara (Adriana Esteves), and son, Carlinhos, to take to the streets, authoring the highly influential &lt;em&gt;Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla&lt;/em&gt;,becoming a notorious enemy to the power structure, and being doggedly pursued by sadistic chief inspector Lucio (Bruno Gagliasso) before an untimely death in a dramatic police ambush in 1969. (Review by Hebe Tabachnik, Seattle International Film Festival, &lt;a href="https://www.marighella-movie.com/story" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film's Official Website&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;p class="p1"&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Alma no olho&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Soul in the Eye&lt;/em&gt;), a short film directed and performed by Zózimo Bulbul in 1973, constitutes the inaugural gesture of black cinema in Brazil. Bulbul’s status as a pioneer for Black Brazilian cinema does not reside in historical chronology, because he was not the first Black Brazilian director: Jose Cajado Filho, Haroldo Costa, and Odilon Lopes were his predecessors in that lineage. His importance lies, rather, in the aesthetic and narrative advances accomplished by his film, which has survived its ostracism—imposed by Brazilian critics and cinema studies through an exclusionary hegemony of almost forty years—to be taken up again as a reference point by a new generation of Black Brazilian filmmakers. [...] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;In recent years, many analyses have been carried out in the field of black cinema studies on &lt;em&gt;Alma no olho&lt;/em&gt;, largely devoted to its historical relevance, leaving the inventiveness of its aesthetic gesture somewhat in the background. Frequent note is made of the film’s inspirations: the script draws from &lt;em&gt;Soul on Ice&lt;/em&gt;, the 1968 book by Black Panther Eldridge Cleaver about his time in exile, and the soundtrack consists of music from the album &lt;em&gt;Kulu Sé Mama&lt;/em&gt;, the 1965/67 collaboration by Juno Lewis and John Coltrane, to whom Bulbul dedicates the film. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="s1"&gt;In &lt;em&gt;Alma no olho&lt;/em&gt;’s eleven minutes, Bulbul performs a pantomime of the history of Black people between Africa and the diaspora, tracing a saga that begins with a state of freedom as lived on the African continent, passes through the hardships of the Atlantic slave trade, and finally ends with the breaking of all the chains of colonial domination that continued to imprison black bodies and minds in the period following the Abolition—the end of the transnational slave trade, in 1888, in Brazil. On-screen, only his black body, some objects, and a white background are present for most of the film’s duration. While the performance is under way, the character played by Bulbul faces the camera at different moments, sometimes in complicity, sometimes with irony, but always defiantly. (Source: &lt;span&gt;Oliveira, Janaína. "With the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Alma no Olho&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="subtitle-colon"&gt;:&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="subtitle"&gt;Notes on Contemporary Black Cinema&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Film Quarterly, &lt;/em&gt;vol. 74, no. 2, Winter&lt;span&gt; 2020, pp. 32–38, doi: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1525/fq.2020.74.2.32" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;10.1525/fq.2020.74.2.32&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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          <description>The director of the film. El/La director/a de la película.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Summer of Gods&lt;/em&gt; is a short film about a young girl named Lili who unites with her Afro-Brazilian religious ancestry on a summer visit with family to their ancestral village in rural Brazil. During her stay, she encounters Orishas (African gods) who help her find peace with a gift that has previously vexed her. The film is set in the Northeast of Brazil where Afro-Brazilian religious traditions remain strong. Lili's Grandma upholds Orisha traditions as an admired local priestess, but to ensure these traditions carry on after she passes, the gifted Lili is led on a mystical adventure of initiation through a nearby forest. (&lt;a href="http://www.thesummerofgods.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film's Official Website&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;"O Tempo dos Orixás" é um curta de gênero fantasia que mostra a experiência de Lili, uma menina de 7 anos que tem a habilidade de se comunicar com os ancestrais. Ao visitar a sua vô no interior, ela descobre que tem uma missão com os Orixás.  A sua vó é a líder espiritual de sua comunidade. Ela realiza anualmente uma festa dedicada a Yemanjá. Essa celebração está correndo o risco de ser extinguida porque a vó da lili está prestes a falecer. Para salvar essa tradição, os Orixás introduzem Lili em uma aventura mágica que simboliza a sua iniciação na tradição. (&lt;a href="http://www.thesummerofgods.com/trailer-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film's Official Website&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Summer of Gods&lt;/em&gt; is a short film about a young girl named Lili who unites with her Afro-Brazilian religious ancestry on a summer visit with family to their ancestral village in rural Brazil. During her stay, she encounters Orishas (African gods) who help her find peace with a gift that has previously vexed her. The film is set in the Northeast of Brazil where Afro-Brazilian religious traditions remain strong. Lili's Grandma upholds Orisha traditions as an admired local priestess, but to ensure these traditions carry on after she passes, the gifted Lili is led on a mystical adventure of initiation through a nearby forest. (&lt;a href="http://www.thesummerofgods.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film's Official Website&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Forgotten Boys of Brazil&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;follows the research of historian Sidney Aguilar, beginning with the discovery of bricks marked with Nazi swastikas on a farm in the countryside of São Paulo. The documentary reveals something really frightening: during the 1930s, fifty black boys were taken from an orphanage in Rio de Janeiro and led to the farm where the bricks had been found. There, the boys were identified by numbers and subjected to slave labor by a family that was part of the political, military, and economic elite of the country. This family did not hide their affinity for the Nazi ideology. At the time, Brazil had the largest German population-with 100,000 German-born people and a community of 1 million people of German descent. 2,822 were members of the Nazi Party. Such context helped Brazil become a safe haven for Nazi war criminals after WWII when 20,000 Germans settled there. The most notorious fugitive to settle in Brazil was Dr. Josef Mengele. Two survivors from this Brazilian tragedy, Aloísio Silva (the “boy 23”) and Argemiro Santos, as well as the family of José Alves de Almeida (known as ‘Two’), reveal their stories for the first time. (&lt;a href="https://pragda.com/film/forgotten-boys-brazil/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Pragda&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Em 1998, o historiador Sydney Aguilar ensinava sobre nazismo alemão para uma turma de ensino médio quando uma aluna mencionou que havia centenas de tijolos na fazenda de sua família estampados com a suástica, o símbolo nazista. Esta informação despertou a curiosidade de Sidney e desencadeou sua pesquisa. Pouco a pouco, o filme mostra como o historiador avançou com a sua investigação, revelando que, além de fatos, ele também descobriu vítimas. Sidney mostrou que empresários ligados ao pensamento eugenista ( integralistas e nazistas) removeram 50 meninos órfãos do Rio de Janeiro para Campina do Monte Alegre/SP para dez anos de escravidão e isolamento na Fazenda Santa Albertina de Osvaldo Rocha Miranda. O trabalho de Sidney vai reconstituir laços estreitos entre as elites brasileiras e crenças nazistas, refletidos em um projeto eugênico implementado no Brasil. Aloísio Silva, um dos sobreviventes, lembra a terrível experiência que escravizou os meninos ao ponto de privá-los do uso de seus nomes, transformando-o no “23”. Sidney e outros historiadores e especialistas irão delinear os contextos históricos, políticos e sociais do Brasil durante os anos 20 e 30, explicando como um caldeirão étnico como o Brasil absorveu e aceitou as teorias de eugenia e pureza racial, a ponto de incluí-los em sua Constituição de 1934. A investigação culmina com a descoberta de Argemiro, outro sobrevivente do projeto nazista da Cruzeiro do Sul. Sua trajetória reforça ainda mais como os conceitos de “supremacia branca” e as tentativas de “branqueamento da população” marcaram nossa sociedade deixando sequelas devastadoras até os dias de hoje. Sendo o racismo e – mais ainda – a negação do mesmo, as mais permanentes.  (Film's Official Website, &lt;a href="https://www.menino23.com.br/menino-23" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.menino23.com.br/menino-23&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Two survivors from this Brazilian tragedy, Aloísio Silva (the “boy 23”) and Argemiro Santos, as well as the family of José Alves de Almeida (known as ‘Two’), reveal their stories for the first time. (&lt;a href="https://pragda.com/film/forgotten-boys-brazil/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Pragda&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Cores e Botas / Colors and Boots 
Juliana Vicente, Brazil, 2010
Film Guide created by Erika Florez-Villamarin

Technical Details 
Director: Juliana Vicente 
Screenplay:  Juliana Vicente 
Production Companies: Preta Portê Filmes (Brazil) 
Duration:  16 minutes 

Cast 
Jhenyfer Lauren (Joana) 
Dani Ornellas (Vanda) 
Luciano Quirino (Carlos) 

Discussion Questions 
1) Rewatch the opening sequence of ​Cores e Botas ​(0:00:27-0:01:07) and describe the
different shots of Joana as she prepares to watch the Xuxa show. How do these shots
capture Joana's desire to become a Paquita, a dancer/singer on the Xuxa show?
2) As Reighan Gillam notes, “Afro-Brazilians, when they are present in the mainstream
media at all, tend to appear as house workers or maids as well as in a series of other
stereotypical roles including slum dwellers, samba performers, slaves, and
hyper-sexualized women” (“The Help”, 1043). How does the depiction of Joana’s family
resist this stereotypical representation of Afro-Brazilians in the media?
3) Describe the close-up shot of Joana when her mother enters the bedroom (0:05:09).
How does this image reflect a particular kind of beauty standard in Brazilian culture and
its impact on Afro-Brazilian children, particularly young girls?
4) Cores e Botas​ centers on Joana's desire to become a Paquita on the ​Xou da Xuxa​ which
was broadcast from 1986-1992 on TV Globo in Brazil. Santana Pincho notes that the
Xuxa show was the "most iconic representative of the supremacy of whiteness in
Brazilian media" (quoted in Gillam, “Representing”, 614). Where is this concept seen in
the film? How does the "supremacy of whiteness" manifest itself in contemporary Latin
American media more widely? Give some examples.

�5) Rewatch the audition sequence (0:07:48-0:09:17). What does the cross-cutting between 
the actual audition and Joana’s imagination reveal about Brazilian society in general, 
and about Joana as a character?  
6) At one point, Dudu, Joana's brother, exclaims, "Dad, stop! Mom! It's not a matter of luck. 
She won't be a Paquita" (0:11:02). How does his acceptance of reality differ from his 
parents? Why is this moment so significant to Joana?  
7) In the award-winning Brazilian film ​City of God​ (Fernando Meirelles and Katia Lund, 
2002), the protagonist, Rocket, finds purpose in photography as he moves away from 
the cycle of violence in the favela. What is the significance of photography for Joana? 
How does Joana's use of photography relate to the overall theme of ​Cores e Botas​? 
8) City of God​ and Last Stop 174​ (Bruno Barreto, 2008) are two contemporary films that 
​
explore Afro-Brazilian representation in society, yet both films contribute to the 
portrayal of black men as violent and marginalize the black female characters. How 
does Cores e Botas​ challenge these stereotypes of Afro-Brazilians? 
​
9) Joana is roughly 8 years old. If the character were older, how would her age affect the 
audience's ability to empathize with or understand her situation? Why is the use of 
children in cinema effective in presenting the harms of social pressures?  
10) Juliana Vicente is an Afro-Brazilian female director and the founder of ​Preta Portê 
Filmes (​https://pretaportefilmes.com.br​). Explore the website and comment on what 
you notice about the production company’s focus, values, and film projects. 

 
Suggested Readings   
 
Gillam, Reighan. “The Help, Unscripted: Constructing the Black Revolutionary Domestic in 
Afro-Brazilian Media.”​ ​Feminist Media Studies​,​ ​vol. 16, no. 6,​ ​2016, pp.1043-1056.​ ​Taylor &amp; 
Francis​, doi​: 10.1080/14680777.2015.1137338​. 
​
 
---. “Representing Black Girlhood in Brazil: Culture and Strategies of Empowerment.” 
Communication, Culture and Critique​, vol. 10, no. 4, 1 December 2017, pp. 609–625. ​Oxford 
Academic​, doi: 10.1111/cccr.12176​. 
​
 
Phillip, Nicole. "Shining a Light on Darker Skin." ​New York Times, Sec. C2, Arts/Cultural Desk, 
​
1 Sept 2018. Accessed 11 Jan. 2021. 

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          <description>A name given to the resources. El nombre original del recurso.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Violeta lives in a tight-knit community in Bahia, Brazil. She is far from the only one struggling with grief and loss: there is also a grandmother entirely dependent on care, a woman desperately searching for love and a young doctor who – after 20 years – is left by his great love, a much older man. Everyone thought they lived together as father and son until the old man dies. The loss is complete and the truth comes out. Then Violeta meets the older Margarida who is grieving alone and in silence in a nearby village. Lovingly Violeta helps her out of her isolation with practical rituals: scrubbing, tidying and making coffee with cinnamon. (&lt;a href="https://iffr.com/en/2018/films/caf%C3%A9-com-canela" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;International Film Festival Rotterdam&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Violeta vive en una comunidad unida en Bahía, Brasil, y no es la única que lucha con el dolor y la pérdida. También se encuentra una abuela totalmente dependiente del cuidado de otros; una mujer que busca desesperadamente el amor; y un médico joven quien, después de 20 años, pierde a su gran amor, un hombre mucho más grande que él. Todos pensaban que la pareja vivía como padre e hijo hasta que el anciano muere. La pérdida es completa y la verdad sale. Luego Violeta conoce a Margarida, una señora mayor haciendo el luto sola y en silencio en un pueblo cercano. Cariñosamente Violeta la ayuda a salir de su aislamiento con ritos cotidianos prácticos: frotar, teñir y hacer café con canela. (Translated by Abi Dresser)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Violeta lives in a tight-knit community in Bahia, Brazil. She is far from the only one struggling with grief and loss: there is also a grandmother entirely dependent on care, a woman desperately searching for love and a young doctor who – after 20 years – is left by his great love, a much older man. Everyone thought they lived together as father and son until the old man dies. The loss is complete and the truth comes out. Then Violeta meets the older Margarida who is grieving alone and in silence in a nearby village. Lovingly Violeta helps her out of her isolation with practical rituals: scrubbing, tidying and making coffee with cinnamon. (&lt;a href="https://iffr.com/en/2018/films/caf%C3%A9-com-canela" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;International Film Festival Rotterdam&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The language(s) that are spoken in the film or the language of the text. El idioma(s) de la película o del texto.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://vimeo.com/20256457"&gt;Cores e Botas (Colors &amp;amp; Boots)&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="https://vimeo.com/pretaporte"&gt;Preta Portê Filmes&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a href="https://vimeo.com"&gt;Vimeo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Minas Gerais, 1821. Período em que a economia local era baseada na extração de diamantes entrou em colapso. Ao voltar para casa, depois de uma longa viagem, na qual conduzia uma tropa de escravos, Antônio, um patriarca português, descobre que sua mulher morreu em trabalho de parto. Sentindo-se sozinho e isolado em uma fazenda improdutiva, busca um novo casamento com Beatriz, uma menina muito jovem que frustra seu plano de ter filhos. Antônio, então, volta às expedições, negociando negros e gado. Sozinha, Beatriz encontra nos escravos sua companhia. Uma traição implode a família em uma espiral de violência, que é o prenúncio de mudanças. O filme revela algumas de nossas maiores cicatrizes: a escravidão, o casamento forçado de meninas, a mestiçagem fruto do assédio e da exploração sexual das negras, e as hierarquias de poder que pervertem até as relações entre os mais oprimidos. (&lt;a href="http://www.cinemateca.gov.br/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Cinemateca Brasileira&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Daniela Thomas’s studious black-andwhite historical drama unfolds in Minas, Brazil, in 1821: Portuguese plantation owner António (Adriano Carvalho), after losing his wife and child, has married Beatriz (Luana Nastas), the beautiful daughter of a bankrupt mineowner. As António anxiously awaits Beatriz’s first menstruation, he satisfies his sexual needs with a slave, yet resumes his extensive travels once his marriage is consummated. Disillusioned and lonely, Beatriz wanders the fields in ragged dresses, like a phantom figure from the Brontës—a picture of childish rebellion, transmuted into melancholy. Source: Bittencourt, Ela. "Vazante." &lt;em&gt;Film Comment&lt;/em&gt;, vol. 54, no. 1, Jan. 2018, p. 71.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Minas Gerais, 1821. Período em que a economia local era baseada na extração de diamantes entrou em colapso. Ao voltar para casa, depois de uma longa viagem, na qual conduzia uma tropa de escravos, Antônio, um patriarca português, descobre que sua mulher morreu em trabalho de parto. Sentindo-se sozinho e isolado em uma fazenda improdutiva, busca um novo casamento com Beatriz, uma menina muito jovem que frustra seu plano de ter filhos. Antônio, então, volta às expedições, negociando negros e gado. Sozinha, Beatriz encontra nos escravos sua companhia. Uma traição implode a família em uma espiral de violência, que é o prenúncio de mudanças. O filme revela algumas de nossas maiores cicatrizes: a escravidão, o casamento forçado de meninas, a mestiçagem fruto do assédio e da exploração sexual das negras, e as hierarquias de poder que pervertem até as relações entre os mais oprimidos. (&lt;a href="http://www.cinemateca.gov.br/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Cinemateca Brasileira&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Only When I Dance&lt;/em&gt; was begun as a hopeful documentary about social projects in Rio’s favelas, the aim being simply to show another side to the Brazilian image of violence and hopelessness, with kids achieving real things in their appallingly blighted neighbourhoods. Director Beadie Finzi and producer Giorgia Lo Savio could never have imagined just what they would end up filming. Having decided that capoeira was overdone as a Brazilian theme, Beadie was drawn to the idea of ballet - she’d been told about a remarkable teacher, Mariza Estrella, who runs Rio’s Centro de Dança, where she gives free lessons to kids she talent-scouts in the favelas. In her top two classes Beadie found two outstanding children: Irlan Santos da Silva, a boy set apart from all others by the intensity of his love of dance, his beautiful physique and his evidently unusual talent, and Isabela Coracy, who faced the biggest barrier possible in her dream of becoming a ballerina: she is black. Even out in the world there are few black classical ballerinas - in Brazil, there are none. (&lt;a class="in-cell-link" target="_blank" href="https://theartsdesk.com/dance/film-qa-special-only-when-i-dance" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;The Arts Desk.com&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Os adolescentes Irlan e Isabela encaram um momento decisivo para a realização de seu grande sonho: dançar balé profissionalmente. Além das longas horas de treino diário no prestigioso Centro de Dança Rio, onde ganharam uma bolsa, os dois precisam superar a barreira econômica e social que os separa dos demais. Irlan mora numa favela no Complexo do Alemão e luta para conseguir terminar a escola. Já Isabela, habitante do subúrbio carioca, é negra e enfrenta o preconceito até de sua instrutora. Para estes dois talentosos jovens, sair do país é a única esperança de um futuro brilhante. (&lt;a href="https://cineplayers.com/filmes/so-quando-eu-danco" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Cine Players&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Domésticas&lt;/em&gt; is not a film about maid-servants but a film by maid-servants. &lt;em&gt;Domésticas&lt;/em&gt; wants to give them a voice. Or rather: voices. No less than 3 million women in Brazil work as 'domestics' and they all have stories to tell. &lt;em&gt;Domésticas&lt;/em&gt; is however not a film about the life of the maidservant in the city, not a critical look at harsh reality: this film is about the characters as storytellers. &lt;em&gt;Domésticas&lt;/em&gt; is the film version of one of the most popular and widely praised modern Brazilian stage plays. As preparation for the play, hundreds of maid-servants were interviewed and the five most important characters were compiled from the conversations. What makes the film special is not just the subject, but also the form. The film starts as a documentary. The five women talk to the camera about themselves, about their desires, frustrations, problems and pleasures. As the film progresses, more and more space is given to pictures to illustrate their stories. They are universal stories about women wrestling with loneliness, ambitions, conflicts with partners and children, loss and pain. But it is not all bad times. New, exciting encounters, music and mutual solidarity provide sparkling interludes in their heavy existence. (&lt;a href="https://iffr.com/en/2001/films/dom%C3%A9sticas" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;International Film Festival Rotterdam&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;No meio da nossa sociedade, existe um Brasil notado por poucos. Um Brasil formado por pessoas que, apesar de morar dentro de sua casa e fazer parte de seu dia a dia, vivem como se não estivessem lá. Cinco das integrantes deste Brasil são mostradas em "Domésticas - O Filme": Cida, Roxane, Quitéria, Raimunda e Créo. Uma quer se casar, a outra é casada mas sonha com um marido melhor. Uma sonha em ser artista de novela e outra acredita que tem por missão na Terra servir a Deus e à sua patroa. Todas têm sonhos distintos mas vivem a mesma realidade: trabalham como empregada doméstica. (&lt;a href="http://www.adorocinema.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Adoro Cinema Brasil&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>A broad category or mode of cinematographic production.</description>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Domésticas&lt;/em&gt; is not a film about maid-servants but a film by maid-servants. &lt;em&gt;Domésticas&lt;/em&gt; wants to give them a voice. Or rather: voices. No less than 3 million women in Brazil work as 'domestics' and they all have stories to tell. &lt;em&gt;Domésticas&lt;/em&gt; is however not a film about the life of the maidservant in the city, not a critical look at harsh reality: this film is about the characters as storytellers. &lt;em&gt;Domésticas&lt;/em&gt; is the film version of one of the most popular and widely praised modern Brazilian stage plays. As preparation for the play, hundreds of maid-servants were interviewed and the five most important characters were compiled from the conversations. What makes the film special is not just the subject, but also the form. The film starts as a documentary. The five women talk to the camera about themselves, about their desires, frustrations, problems and pleasures. As the film progresses, more and more space is given to pictures to illustrate their stories. They are universal stories about women wrestling with loneliness, ambitions, conflicts with partners and children, loss and pain. But it is not all bad times. New, exciting encounters, music and mutual solidarity provide sparkling interludes in their heavy existence. (&lt;a href="https://iffr.com/en/2001/films/dom%C3%A9sticas" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;International Film Festival Rotterdam&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>A name given to the resources. El nombre original del recurso.</description>
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          <description>The director of the film. El/La director/a de la película.</description>
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              <text>Carlos Diegues</text>
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          <description>The date of the film’s release (year only). La fecha de estreno (año solamente).</description>
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          <description>The language(s) that are spoken in the film or the language of the text. El idioma(s) de la película o del texto.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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Gaumont (France)</text>
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          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Palmares is a 17th-century quilombo, a settlement of escaped slaves in northeast Brazil. In 1650, plantation slaves revolt and head for the mountains where they find others led by the aged seer, Acotirene. She anoints one who becomes Ganga Zumba, a legendary king. For years, his warriors hold off Portuguese raiders; then he agrees to leave the mountains in exchange for reservation land and peace. It's a mistake. Zumbi, a warrior whose mother was killed by Portuguese and who spent 15 years with the Whites, stays in the mountains to lead Palmares. In 1694, the Portuguese import a ruthless captain from São Paulo to lead an assault on the free Blacks. Can Zumbi keep Palmares free? (&lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;IMDB&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Palmares es un quilombo del siglo XVII, un asentamiento de esclavos fugitivos ubicado en el noreste de Brasil. En 1650, los esclavos de las haciendas se rebelan y huyen a las montañas, donde encuentran otros esclavos fugitivos gobernados por Acotirene, una adivina anciana. Ella elige a un hombre que será conocido como Ganga Zumba y se convertirá en un rey legendario. Sus guerreros detienen a los invasores portugueses por muchos años, hasta que Ganga Zumba acepta salir de las montañas a cambio de una promesa de tierra y paz. Pero se equivoca. Zumbi, un guerrero cuya madre fue asesinada por los portugueses, ha pasado 15 años viviendo entre los blancos. Zumbi permanecerá en las montañas para liderar en Palmares. En 1694, los portugueses reclutan a un capitán implacable de São Paulo para llevar a cabo un ataque a los ex-esclavos. ¿Podrá Zumbi mantener a Palmares libre? (Translated by Andrew Magel)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>A broad category or mode of cinematographic production.</description>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Palmares is a 17th-century quilombo, a settlement of escaped slaves in northeast Brazil. In 1650, plantation slaves revolt and head for the mountains where they find others led by the aged seer, Acotirene. She anoints one who becomes Ganga Zumba, a legendary king. For years, his warriors hold off Portuguese raiders; then he agrees to leave the mountains in exchange for reservation land and peace. It's a mistake. Zumbi, a warrior whose mother was killed by Portuguese and who spent 15 years with the Whites, stays in the mountains to lead Palmares. In 1694, the Portuguese import a ruthless captain from São Paulo to lead an assault on the free Blacks. Can Zumbi keep Palmares free? (&lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;IMDB&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>A name given to the resources. El nombre original del recurso.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;"The Day of Jerusa" narrates the encounter between Jerusa (Lea Garcia), a resident of an old townhouse of Bixiga with the young Silvia, played by Deborah Marcal, which circulates through the traditional São Paulo neighborhood doing opinion research on soap in powder. The story emerges from observations of everyday life, to cycle through the streets of São Paulo, Brazil. (&lt;a href="https://www.kweli.tv/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Kweli TV&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>A broad category or mode of cinematographic production.</description>
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          <description>A category of artistic composition, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Una categoría de composición artística, caracterizada por semejanzas de forma, estilo, o tema.</description>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;"The Day of Jerusa" narrates the encounter between Jerusa (Lea Garcia), a resident of an old townhouse of Bixiga with the young Silvia, played by Deborah Marcal, which circulates through the traditional São Paulo neighborhood doing opinion research on soap in powder. The story emerges from observations of everyday life, to cycle through the streets of São Paulo, Brazil. (&lt;a href="https://www.kweli.tv/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Kweli TV&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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Canal Brasil</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;A documentary that follows Ms Linn da Quebrada, a black trans woman, performer and activist living in impoverished São Paulo. Her electrifying performances (with plenty of nudity) brazenly take on Brazil's hetero-normative machismo. (&lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;IMDB&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;A documentary that follows Ms Linn da Quebrada, a black trans woman, performer and activist living in impoverished São Paulo. Her electrifying performances (with plenty of nudity) brazenly take on Brazil's hetero-normative machismo. (&lt;a href="http://www.imdb.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;IMDB&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>A name given to the resources. El nombre original del recurso.</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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BR Petrobrás&#13;
Columbia Tristar Filmes do Brasil</text>
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          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;São Paolo, 1992. A new doctor arrives in the notorious male prison of Carandiru, aiming to promote Aids education. Gradually we become aware of individuals within the crowd of convicts, as they come to the doctor's office for treatment. In flashback we learn the crimes that brought them to the prison. Dagger has killed another prisoner's father. Highness is a good-looking thief with a white wife and a black mistress. He has taken the blame for a fire set by his jealous wife. Chico is a dignified older man, waiting in vain for a visit from his grown daughter. Zico, a drug dealer, was taken in by the family of Deusdete after being abandoned by his mother. Deusdete has killed the two men who raped his sister and now shares a cell with Zico. Antonio and Miro are armed robbers brought down by the jealousy and treachery of their wives. Lady Di is a transsexual who aims to marry fellow inmate Too Bad. On visiting day the partners and children of all these characters are allowed into the prison. Zico, now addicted to crack, goes crazy and pours boiling water over Deusdete. He is killed in turn by a number of prisoners, and Highness gets Ezequiel, another addict, to take the blame. There is a football match among the convicts. Afterwards a fight breaks out which escalates into a riot. Although the prisoners give up their arms, the riot squad enter and slaughter the inmates. The final titles tell us that 111 convicts were killed and not one policeman. Documentary footage shows how the prison was finally demolished in 2002. &lt;strong&gt;Source:&lt;/strong&gt; Smith, Paul Julian. &lt;em&gt;Sight and Sound&lt;/em&gt;, vol. 14, no. 4, 2004, p. 44-45.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;São Paolo, 1992. Un nuevo médico llega a la cárcel masculina notoria de Carandiru para promover la educación sobre el SIDA. El público conoce gradualmente las personalidades de los convictos mientras visitan la oficina del doctor para su tratamiento. Se revelan los delitos de los criminales a través de escenas retrospectivas. Daga ha matado el padre de otro prisionero. Majestade es un ladrón guapo con una esposa blanca y una amante negra, y asumió la culpa por un fuego iniciado por su esposa celosa. Chico es un hombre mayor y digno quien espera en vano una visita de su hija adulta. Zico es un traficante de drogas que fue acogido por la familia de Deusdete después de que su madre lo abandonara. Deusdete mató a los dos hombres que violaron a su hermana, y ahora comparte una celda con Zico. Antonio and Miro son ladrones armados que fueron derrotados por los celos y la traición de sus esposas. Señorita Di es una transexual que espera casarse con otro preso llamado "Too Bad." Las parejas y los hijos de todos estos personajes pueden verlos el día de las visitas. Zico se ha vuelto adicto a la cocaína y se enloquece, vertiendo agua hervida sobre Deusdete. Los otros prisioneros lo matan, y Majestade presiona a Ezequiel, otro adicto, a hacerse responsable del crimen. Después de un partido de fútbol entre los prisioneros, se inicia una pelea la cual intensifica hasta convertirse en una revuelta. A pesar de que todos los prisioneros entregan sus armas, un escuadrón de policía entra a la cárcel y matan a los presos. Al final de la película nos avisan que 111 prisioneros fueron asesinados, y ningún policía murió. También se muestra cómo la cárcel fue finalmente destruida en 2002. (Translated by Andrew Magel)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Basada en hechos reales, describe el mundo del crimen organizado en Cidade de Deus, un suburbio de Río de Janeiro, desde finales de los sesenta hasta principios de los ochenta, época durante la cual el tráfico de drogas y la violencia impusieron su ley en las favelas. A finales de los sesenta, Buscapé, un niño de 11 años tímido y sensible, observa a los niños duros de su barrio, sus robos, sus peleas, sus enfrentamientos diarios con la policía. Pero él sabe muy bien lo que quiere ser si consigue sobrevivir: fotógrafo. Dadinho, un niño de su edad que se traslada al barrio, sueña con ser el criminal más peligroso de Río de Janeiro y empieza su aprendizaje haciendo recados para los delincuentes locales. Admira a Cabeleira y su pandilla, que se dedican a atracar los camiones del gas. Un día Cabeleira le da a Dadinho la oportunidad de cometer su primer asesinato. (&lt;a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film Affinity&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Based on real events, this film portrays the world of organized crime in the City of God, a suburb of Río de Janeiro, from the late 1960s until the early 1980s, when drug trafficking and violence ruled the favelas. In the late sixties, Buscapé [Rocket], a shy and sensitive eleven year old boy, watches the tough kids in his neighborhood, their fights, robberies, and daily clashes with the police. But he knows very well what he wants to be, if he can survive: a photographer. Dadinho, a boy his age who moves to the neighborhood, dreams of being the most dangerous criminal in Río de Janeiro and begins his apprenticeship by running errands for local criminals. He admires Cabeleira and his gang, who dedicate themselves to robbing gas trucks. One day Cabeleira gives Dadinho the oppurtunity to commit his first murder. (Translated By Paola Martinez)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Basada en hechos reales, describe el mundo del crimen organizado en Cidade de Deus, un suburbio de Río de Janeiro, desde finales de los sesenta hasta principios de los ochenta, época durante la cual el tráfico de drogas y la violencia impusieron su ley en las favelas. A finales de los sesenta, Buscapé, un niño de 11 años tímido y sensible, observa a los niños duros de su barrio, sus robos, sus peleas, sus enfrentamientos diarios con la policía. Pero él sabe muy bien lo que quiere ser si consigue sobrevivir: fotógrafo. Dadinho, un niño de su edad que se traslada al barrio, sueña con ser el criminal más peligroso de Río de Janeiro y empieza su aprendizaje haciendo recados para los delincuentes locales. Admira a Cabeleira y su pandilla, que se dedican a atracar los camiones del gas. Un día Cabeleira le da a Dadinho la oportunidad de cometer su primer asesinato. (&lt;a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film Affinity&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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Lucinda Films (Brazil) &#13;
Cinecolor</text>
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          <description>An account of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, synopsis of film, a table of contents, or a free-text account of the resource. Una sinopsis del recurso. La descripción puede incluir: un resumen o sinopsis de la película, un índice, o una narrativa abierta del recurso.</description>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Mascaro’s film shows a place in the process of disappearing; in this case, due to climate change. It centers on two main characters: Shirley (Dandara de Morais) and her boyfriend, Jeison (Geová Manoel dos Santos). Shirley used to live in a big city but moved back to the village to care for her aging grandmother. She works as a truck driver at a coconut farm where Jeison is a coconut picker. Shirley wants to be a tattoo artist and Jeison spends his free time practicing underwater fishing. The everyday life of the characters is disrupted by the arrival of a meteorologist (or a wind researcher, as the final credits describe him—played by the director himself) who arrives in the village to study the sounds of the winds. An accident befalls the researcher and Jeison fnds him drowned at sea. As his body is never claimed, Jeison becomes determined to notify the authorities, despite the difficulties he encounters in the process. &lt;strong&gt;Source:&lt;/strong&gt; Cunha, Mariana. "Bodies in Landscape: The Scientist's Presence in &lt;em&gt;Viajo Porque Preciso&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Volto Porque Te Amo&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Ventos de Agosto&lt;/em&gt;." &lt;em&gt;Space and Subjectivity in Contemporary Brazilian Cinema, &lt;/em&gt;edited by Antônio Márcio da Silva and Mariana Cunha, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, p. 85. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;La película de Mascaro muestra un lugar que está desapareciendo, en este caso, por el cambio climático. Los dos personajes principales son Shirley (Dandara de Morais) y su novio, Jeison (Geová Manoel dos Santos). Shirley vivía en una ciudad grande pero volvió al pueblo para cuidar a su abuela anciana. Ella es camionera para una empresa de coco donde Jeison trabaja de recolector de cocos. Shirley quiere ser artista de tatuajes, y Jeison pasa su tiempo libre practicando la pesca submarina. La vida cotidiana de los personajes se ve interrumpida por la llegada de un meteorólogo (o más precisamente un investigador de viento, interpretado por el director) que llega al pueblo para estudiar los sonidos del viento. Pero ocurre un accidente y Jeison encuentra el cuerpo del meteorólogo ahogado en el mar. Nadie reclama su cuerpo, pero Jeison se empeña en notificar a las autoridades, a pesar de las dificultades en el proceso. (Translated by Andrew Magel)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Mascaro’s film shows a place in the process of disappearing; in this case, due to climate change. It centers on two main characters: Shirley (Dandara de Morais) and her boyfriend, Jeison (Geová Manoel dos Santos). Shirley used to live in a big city but moved back to the village to care for her aging grandmother. She works as a truck driver at a coconut farm where Jeison is a coconut picker. Shirley wants to be a tattoo artist and Jeison spends his free time practicing underwater fishing. The everyday life of the characters is disrupted by the arrival of a meteorologist (or a wind researcher, as the final credits describe him—played by the director himself) who arrives in the village to study the sounds of the winds. An accident befalls the researcher and Jeison fnds him drowned at sea. As his body is never claimed, Jeison becomes determined to notify the authorities, despite the difficulties he encounters in the process. &lt;strong&gt;Source:&lt;/strong&gt; Cunha, Mariana. "Bodies in Landscape: The Scientist's Presence in &lt;em&gt;Viajo Porque Preciso&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Volto Porque Te Amo&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Ventos de Agosto&lt;/em&gt;." &lt;em&gt;Space and Subjectivity in Contemporary Brazilian Cinema, &lt;/em&gt;edited by Antônio Márcio da Silva and Mariana Cunha, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, p. 85. &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The director of the film. El/La director/a de la película.</description>
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              <text>Raquel Gerber</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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Brazilian Cinema Foundation</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;While giving an overall look at the documented history of BLACK MOVEMENTS in Brazil (during the 70s and 80s), ORI tells the story of a woman, Beatriz Nascimento, activist and historian, who searches for her identity through research into the history of the "QUILOMBOS" as warrior establishments and focuses of cultural resistance, from 15th-century Africa to Brazil in the 20th century. (&lt;a href="https://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/54524/--r--" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Culture Unplugged&lt;/a&gt; - watch complete film here)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Una mirada a la historia de los movimientos sociales de afrodescendientes en Brasil (durante los años setenta y ochenta). ORI cuenta la historia de una mujer activista y historiadora, Beatriz Nascimento, en busca de su identidad mediante una investigación sobre la historia de los "quilombos" como establecimientos guerreros y centros de resistencia cultural desde el siglo V en África hasta el siglo XX en Brasil. (Translated by Andrew Magel)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;While giving an overall look at the documented history of BLACK MOVEMENTS in Brazil (during the 70s and 80s), ORI tells the story of a woman, Beatriz Nascimento, activist and historian, who searches for her identity through research into the history of the "QUILOMBOS" as warrior establishments and focuses of cultural resistance, from 15th-century Africa to Brazil in the 20th century. (&lt;a href="https://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/54524/--r--" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Culture Unplugged&lt;/a&gt; - watch complete film here)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>A negação do Brasil</text>
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          <description>The date of the film’s release (year only). La fecha de estreno (año solamente).</description>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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          <description>The entity or entities that appear as producers for the film. La entidad o entidades que aparecen como productores de la película.</description>
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Ministério da Cultura (Brazil) </text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;A documentary film about the taboos, stereotypes, and struggles of Black actors in Brazilian television "soaps." Based on his own memories and on a sturdy body of research evidence, the director analyzes race relations in Brazilian soap operas, calling attention to their likely influence on Black people's identity-forming processes. (&lt;a href="https://www.kanopy.com/product/denying-brazil-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Kanopy&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Un documental sobre los tabús, estereotipos, y dificultades de actores negros en las telenovelas brasileñas. El director se basa en sus propios recuerdos y un cuerpo sólido de evidencia de investigación para analizar las relaciones raciales en las telenovelas brasileñas. Llama la atención a la probable influencia de estas relaciones sobre la formación de identidad de los afro-descendientes. (Translated by Andrew Magel)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;O documentário é uma viagem na história da telenovela no Brasil e particularmente uma análise do papel nelas atribuído aos atores negros, que sempre representam personagens mais estereotipados e negativos. Baseado em suas memórias e em fortes evidências de pesquisas, o diretor aponta as influências das telenovelas nos processos de identidade étnica dos afro-brasileiros e faz um manifesto pela incorporação positiva do negro nas imagens televisivas do país. (&lt;a href="http://www.adorocinema.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Adoro Cinema Brasil&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The topic of the resource. Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases. El tema del recurso. Típicamente el tema se representará con palabras o frases claves.</description>
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          <description>The broad cinematic period to which a film belongs. El periodo cinematográfico general de la película.</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;A documentary film about the taboos, stereotypes, and struggles of Black actors in Brazilian television "soaps." Based on his own memories and on a sturdy body of research evidence, the director analyzes race relations in Brazilian soap operas, calling attention to their likely influence on Black people's identity-forming processes. (&lt;a href="https://www.kanopy.com/product/denying-brazil-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Kanopy&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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          <description>The spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource, not necessarily the place of publication. Refers to the location(s) (the country) where the film takes place. El país donde la película toms lugar.</description>
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Tabajara Filmes</text>
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              <text>&lt;span&gt;Near the end of the 16th century, slaves working in northeastern Brazilian sugar cane mills conspire to escape to Quilombo dos Palmares, a haven for fugitive black slaves. Among the group is young Ganga Zumba (Antonio Pitanga), who rises to become head of the first revolutionary republic in the Americas. (&lt;a href="https://www.filmlinc.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film at Lincoln Center&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Cerca del final del siglo XVI, los esclavos que trabajan en los ingenios de caña de azúcar del noreste de Brasil conspiran para escapar a Quilombo dos Palmares, un refugio para esclavos negros fugitivos. Entre el grupo se encuentra el joven Ganga Zumba (Antonio Pitanga), quien se convertirá en jefe de la primera república revolucionaria en las Américas.(Translated by Andrew Magel)&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6920">
                <text>Ganga Zumba</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6921">
                <text>&lt;span&gt;Near the end of the 16th century, slaves working in northeastern Brazilian sugar cane mills conspire to escape to Quilombo dos Palmares, a haven for fugitive black slaves. Among the group is young Ganga Zumba (Antonio Pitanga), who rises to become head of the first revolutionary republic in the Americas. (&lt;a href="https://www.filmlinc.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Film at Lincoln Center&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="20">
        <name>Afro-Brazilian / afro-brasileño / afro-brasileiro</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="7">
        <name>Cinema Nôvo</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
